Urbanization is best described as what phenomenon?

Urbanization is defined as the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth and expansion of cities. This phenomenon occurs when individuals seek opportunities for employment, education, healthcare, and improved services that cities typically provide. As more people relocate to urban settings, the demographic landscape of areas transforms, leading to increased population density and other social, economic, and environmental changes.

While options like the increase of green spaces in urban areas, the establishment of agricultural zones, and the construction of suburban housing may be related to changes in land use or urban planning, they do not capture the essence of urbanization itself, which is primarily about the population shift toward urban centers. Urbanization is often associated with various challenges and developments, including infrastructure demands, changes in land use, and shifts in societal dynamics, making the migration of people to cities the key characteristic of this process.