What does 'density' refer to in population ecology?

In population ecology, 'density' specifically refers to the number of individuals of a particular species per unit area or volume. This measurement is crucial for ecologists because it helps them understand how populations are distributed across different habitats, which can influence interactions among organisms, resource availability, and overall ecosystem dynamics. High density might indicate competition for resources, while low density can suggest ample resources or potential limiting factors affecting population growth. Understanding population density can also aid in conservation efforts, allowing scientists to assess the viability of species in specific areas and make informed decisions regarding habitat protection and management strategies.