What does ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) utilize?

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) technology leverages the temperature gradient between warm surface ocean water and cold deep seawater to generate energy. Specifically, it utilizes the warm surface water to boil a working fluid, which then vaporizes and drives a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. The cold deep water is subsequently used to condense the vapor back into liquid, allowing the cycle to repeat.

The principle behind OTEC is rooted in the harnessing of solar energy, which drives the heating of ocean surface waters. Because the warm surface water is abundant in tropical regions, OTEC presents a sustainable energy solution in these areas. This method of energy conversion demonstrates the potential of marine resources in addressing energy needs while minimizing carbon emissions.