What does topsoil consist of?

Topsoil consists primarily of the surface layer of soil, which is crucial for plant growth and supports a variety of organisms. This layer is rich in organic matter, nutrients, moisture, and microorganisms, making it vital for maintaining ecological balance and agricultural productivity. It is formed from the weathering of underlying rock and the accumulation of decomposed organic material, often referred to as humus. This composition is essential for providing the necessary components for plants and the overall health of the ecosystem.