What is a primary effect of deforestation?

Deforestation primarily leads to an increase in soil erosion and habitat loss. When trees are removed, the soil that was previously anchored by roots becomes more susceptible to erosion from wind and water. This loss of vegetation can also destabilize the soil structure, leading to further degradation, loss of nutrients, and decreased fertility.

Moreover, the removal of forests destroys the habitats of countless species that rely on these ecosystems for survival. This results in decreased biodiversity, as many plants and animals may face extinction due to their loss of habitat. The intertwined effects of increased erosion and habitat loss highlight the significant environmental impact of deforestation on ecosystems and the species that inhabit them.

The other options, while they may seem plausible, do not reflect the most immediate and direct consequences of deforestation. For instance, while deforestation can lead to the expansion of agricultural lands, this typically comes at the cost of increased soil erosion and loss of biodiversity. Thus, the primary and most critical outcome of deforestation is the detrimental effect it has on soil and wildlife habitats.