What is a temperature inversion?

A temperature inversion occurs when a layer of warm air traps colder air and pollutants close to the Earth's surface. This can happen at night or during certain weather conditions when the ground cools rapidly, and a layer of warmer air sits above the cooler air at the surface. This layered effect prevents the normal rise of air, resulting in stagnant air conditions where pollutants can accumulate. This phenomenon can significantly impact air quality, as it can lead to increased concentrations of smog and other harmful particles that are unable to disperse.

The other options describe different concepts: cooling of the Earth, atmospheric pressure systems, and changes in precipitation patterns, none of which accurately characterize the specific conditions and impacts associated with a temperature inversion. Understanding this process is crucial for assessing environmental issues related to air pollution and weather phenomena.