What is another environmental function of wetlands?

Wetlands play a crucial role in controlling flooding by absorbing excess water. During heavy rainfall or snowmelt, wetlands act like a sponge, capturing and storing water, which helps to mitigate flooding. This storage capability reduces the speed and volume of water that would otherwise flow into rivers and lakes, thereby protecting downstream areas from potential flood damage.

In addition to this direct flooding control, wetlands also contribute to water quality improvement by filtering pollutants and sediments from runoff before they enter larger water bodies. They serve as crucial ecosystems where water can be stored and gradually released, maintaining hydrological balance in the surrounding environment. This flood control function is essential for protecting both natural habitats and human settlements from the impacts of extreme weather events.