What is bioaccumulation?

Bioaccumulation refers to the process by which certain substances, particularly pollutants, accumulate in the tissues of living organisms. This buildup occurs because these substances are often not easily eliminated from the organism's body. As a result, they can reach concentrations much higher than those found in the surrounding environment.

In the context of the food chain, bioaccumulation is particularly significant because it can lead to higher concentrations of pollutants in organisms at higher trophic levels. For example, small fish may consume contaminated plankton, accumulating toxins. Predators, such as larger fish or birds, that eat these smaller fish will accumulate even greater concentrations of the pollutants. This phenomenon can have detrimental effects on wildlife and human health, as the toxins can lead to various health issues and can impact the overall ecosystem.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of bioaccumulation. Absorbing water through plant roots pertains to the uptake of water, while the addition of nutrients is more related to fertilization practices. The breakdown of pollutants over time in water represents a different process known as biodegradation, rather than accumulation.