What is eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?

Eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems refers to the process where water bodies, such as lakes and rivers, become enriched with nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. This increase in nutrient levels often stems from various sources, including agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and industrial waste.

As a result of this nutrient enrichment, the growth of algae can be stimulated, leading to algal blooms. These blooms can block sunlight from penetrating the water, adversely affecting the photosynthesis of aquatic plants below. Additionally, when the algal blooms eventually die and decompose, it can lead to oxygen depletion in the water, creating dead zones where aquatic life cannot survive.

The process of eutrophication can significantly alter the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, often resulting in decreased biodiversity, as some species may thrive while others decline due to the changing conditions. It is essential to recognize that while nutrient enrichment is a natural process, human activities have accelerated it, leading to detrimental impacts on water quality and aquatic life.