What is groundwater?

Groundwater is defined as water that is located beneath the Earth's surface, specifically found within the pores of sediment and rock formations. This underground water accumulates in aquifers, which are geological formations that can store and transmit water. Groundwater is a critical component of the hydrological cycle, providing a source of water for wells, springs, and various ecosystems. It plays a vital role in maintaining the flow of rivers and lakes, especially during dry periods when surface water is limited.

The other options describe different water sources or characteristics: surface water, such as rivers and lakes, refers to water that is found above ground; evaporation pertains to the process of water turning from liquid to vapor; and while groundwater can often be clean, it is not always chemically pure or safe to drink without proper testing or treatment. Therefore, the understanding of groundwater encompasses a more specific definition that highlights its underground location and significance to both human and environmental health.