What is permafrost?

Permafrost is defined as a layer of permanently frozen soil that typically exists in polar regions and high mountain areas where temperatures remain below freezing for two or more consecutive years. This unique condition has significant implications for the ecosystem, including the types of vegetation that can grow, the movement of water through the landscape, and the stability of buildings and infrastructure.

Permafrost affects local climates and the global carbon cycle, as large amounts of organic material can be trapped within it. When permafrost thaws due to climate change, it can release previously trapped greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, contributing to further warming of the atmosphere. Understanding permafrost is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate change in these sensitive regions.