What is thermal pollution?

Thermal pollution refers specifically to the phenomenon where the temperature of a body of water increases due to human activities, particularly from industrial processes or power plants that discharge heated water back into natural water bodies. This rise in temperature can disrupt local ecosystems, affecting aquatic life, such as fish and plant species that rely on specific temperature ranges for survival and growth. Elevated temperatures can lower the oxygen levels in the water, which can be detrimental to aquatic organisms, leading to a decline in biodiversity.

The other options referenced various types of pollution and environmental issues but do not encompass the specific definition of thermal pollution. Chemical spills, excessive plant growth, and contamination from industrial waste relate to different environmental challenges and their respective impacts on water quality and ecosystem health.