What requirement does the 1990 Oil Pollution Act impose on oil tankers in U.S. waters?

The 1990 Oil Pollution Act was a significant piece of legislation aimed at preventing and responding to oil spills in U.S. waters. One of its critical requirements is the mandate for oil tankers operating in these waters to have double hulls, which must be implemented by a specific deadline, with 2015 being the target date for compliance.

Double hulls are designed to provide an extra layer of protection against leaks and spills by creating two separate layers of space between the oil and the external environment. This structural enhancement significantly reduces the risk of oil spills caused by accidents or breaches in the hull, thus improving environmental safety and protection of marine ecosystems.

The act was primarily a response to catastrophic spills, such as the Exxon Valdez disaster, and represented an effort to strengthen regulations in the oil transportation industry. The requirement for double hulls exemplifies a proactive approach to environmental protection, aiming to minimize potential damages before they occur.