Which ecosystem is characterized by dense growths of mangrove trees?

Mangrove swamps are unique coastal ecosystems characterized by the presence of mangrove trees, which are specially adapted to thrive in saline and waterlogged conditions typical of intertidal zones. These trees have specialized root systems that not only help anchor them in the soft, muddy substrate but also provide essential habitat for diverse wildlife, including fish, birds, and crustaceans. Mangrove swamps play a critical role in coastal protection by reducing erosion and serving as natural barriers against storm surges. Additionally, they act as important carbon sinks, capturing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

In contrast, coral reefs are marine ecosystems formed by the accumulation of coral polyps, which thrive in warm, shallow waters and require clear, nutrient-poor conditions, making them distinct from the water conditions in mangrove swamps. Barrier islands consist of sandy landforms that protect coastlines and are not defined by any specific vegetation type such as mangroves. Estuaries are transitional areas where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean, often featuring a range of habitats, but they do not exclusively comprise dense mangrove growths as mangrove swamps do. Thus, the defining feature of mangrove swamps is the dense growth of mangrove trees