Which layer of soil is found beneath the topsoil?

The layer of soil found beneath the topsoil is known as the subsoil. This layer plays a critical role in the overall structure and function of the soil profile. The subsoil contains minerals and nutrients that have washed down from the topsoil due to a process called leaching, where water carries soluble substances downward. This layer is typically denser and less organic-rich compared to the topsoil, and it may also have a higher clay content, affecting its water-holding capacity and drainage.

In addition to minerals, subsoil supports plant roots and holds moisture, making it an important layer for vegetation. The distinctions between these layers are essential for understanding soil health, agricultural practices, and ecological processes. Understanding the role and characteristics of the subsoil can provide insights into land management and conservation efforts.