Which model describes the relationship between economic and social changes and population growth rates?

The demographic transition model is the correct choice because it illustrates how population growth rates are influenced by economic and social changes over time. This model typically outlines four or five distinct phases through which a society transitions, starting from high birth and death rates during pre-industrial times, to lower rates as a society industrializes and experiences advancements in healthcare, sanitation, and education.

In the initial phases, both birth and death rates are high, leading to relatively stable population growth. As social and economic factors evolve—such as improved living standards, access to medical care, and educational opportunities—death rates decline significantly due to better health conditions, while birth rates begin to gradually decrease as family sizes become smaller and parents invest more in each child.

As societies progress through the later stages of the model, populations can stabilize or even decline, reflecting the balance of economic growth, social development, and shifts in individual choices regarding family size and reproductive health. This relationship is crucial for understanding how changes in policy, the economy, and societal norms can greatly impact population dynamics across different regions and time periods.