Which of the following best describes competition among species?

Competition among species is characterized by organisms vying for the same resources, such as food, water, light, or space, that are in limited supply. In ecological contexts, when different species compete for these essentials, it can influence their survival and reproduction. This interaction can also shape the structure of the community and can lead to various outcomes, including changes in behavior, adaptations, and even the extinction of one species in extreme cases.

In terms of the other options, cooperation among species is not a characteristic of competition, as competition inherently involves struggle rather than collaboration. While competition may lead to coevolution—where species adapt in response to each other—the core defining trait of competition is the struggle for resources. Additionally, competition is generally not beneficial for the species involved; rather, it can create stress and lead to negative impacts on one or both species. Therefore, the idea that competition is beneficial for all involved is inaccurate.