Which of the following concepts involves the transition of ecosystems over time?

The transition of ecosystems over time is best described by the concept of ecological succession. This process refers to the gradual replacement of one ecosystem by another, often starting from bare or disturbed land and ultimately leading to a more stable community. Ecological succession can be categorized into two main types: primary succession, which occurs in lifeless areas where soil has not yet formed (such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat), and secondary succession, which takes place in areas where an existing ecosystem has been disturbed but soil and some organisms remain (like after a forest fire or human activity).

This concept highlights the dynamic nature of ecosystems and emphasizes how they change and develop through various stages, influenced by both biotic factors (like species interactions and competition) and abiotic factors (such as climate and soil composition). Recognizing ecological succession is essential for understanding biodiversity, conservation efforts, and land management practices.