Which type of energy is generated from moving water?

Hydroelectric energy is generated from moving water, specifically from the energy released when water flows from a higher elevation to a lower elevation, typically through a dam or turbine system. As water moves, it is capable of turning turbines that are connected to generators, converting the kinetic energy of the moving water into electrical energy. This method of energy generation is considered renewable, as it relies on the natural water cycle and does not deplete resources in the same way that fossil fuels do.

In contrast, geothermal energy derives from heat stored within the Earth, biomass energy comes from organic materials such as plants and waste, and passive solar energy captures thermal energy from sunlight without mechanical systems. Each of these alternatives utilizes different natural processes and sources, but hydroelectric energy specifically focuses on harnessing the power of flowing or falling water. Thus, the identification of hydroelectric energy as the correct answer highlights its unique source and process of generation in the context of the options provided.