Why is genetic diversity essential for populations?

Genetic diversity is essential for populations because it plays a critical role in the survival and adaptability of species. High genetic diversity within a population means that there is a wide variety of genetic traits that can provide resilience against environmental changes, diseases, and other stressors. When a population has a diverse gene pool, it is more likely that some individuals will possess traits that enable them to survive and reproduce in changing conditions. This adaptive capacity is vital for long-term survival, as it allows populations to evolve over generations in response to natural selection.

In contrast, populations with low genetic diversity are at a higher risk of extinction because they may lack individuals with the necessary traits to cope with new challenges. This lack of variation can lead to inbreeding and increased vulnerability to diseases and environmental changes, further jeopardizing the population's survival. Therefore, maintaining genetic diversity is fundamental for the health and sustainability of ecosystems.